Ethical Judgments scale - Newstrom & Ruch (1975)
Quoted from Taken from Akkah (1995, JBE)
On a 7-point scale with 1 = “never” and 7 = “frequently“ :
Personal use
Using company services for personal use Doing personal business on company time Pilfering company materials and supplies Taking extra personal time (lunch hour, breaks, early departure)Passing blame
Concealing one’s error Passing blame for errors to an innocent co-worker Claiming credit for someone else’s workBribery
Giving gifts/favors in exchange for preferential treatment Accepting gifts/favor in exchange for preferential treatmentFalsification
Falsifying time/quality/quantity reports Calling in sick to take a day off Authorizing a subordinate to violate company rulesPadding expenses
Padding an expense account up to 10% Padding an expense account more than 10%Deception
Taking longer than necessary to do a job Divulging confidential information Not reporting others’ violations of company policies and rules