Show pageOld revisionsBacklinksBack to top This page is read only. You can view the source, but not change it. Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong. ====== PSYC2020 in-class experiments ====== Generally helpful materials: * Dan Ariely flashcards about irrationality biases [[http://advanced-hindsight.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/CAHFlashcards01.pdf|Collection1]] / [[http://advanced-hindsight.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/CAHFlashcards2.pdf|Collection2]] ===== Week #1: Replication Crisis ===== Resources: - Course reading: Book chapter: Replication Crisis in Psychology ===== Week #2: Morality ===== - Hindsight bias - Takeaways: - We think we knew the answer all along even when we didn't/don't. - Why do people cheat? - Video: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuIa8z3ZX6M|Comfortable cheating]] - How we study cheating - Video: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMBR261CAN8|The Matrix Experiment]] - Video: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KyavuKmdNE|The Corruption Experiment]] - Takeaways: - You can study unethical behavior in the lab - There are some fascinating findings in behavioral ethics social psychology studies. - Who cheats more? - Video: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSTizvMHfGY|Who Cheats More: Bankers or Politicians?]] - Takeaways: - We all cheat - We all cheat about the same - Cheating behaviors (you versus average HKU student) - Video: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1jVvQbvZLQ|The Fudge Factor]] - Takeaways: - We lie and yet still think of ourselves as good honest people - Justifying own unethical behavior - Experiment: Employee versus manager manipulation - Unethical judgments depend on context/perspective and individual differences - You need to understand the social context - Morality in every day life - Takeaways: - Understanding morality is very important for everyday life, in everything we do - Fundamental attribution error bias - Morality of self-driving car - Takeaways: - Understanding morality is very important for everyday life, in everything we do - We make moral decisions all the time, even when not realizing it - A good example, is when faced with having to articulate decision for a machine, very uncomfortable and confusing - Website: [[http://moralmachine.mit.edu/|Moral machines project]] Resources: * [[https://www.amazon.com/Honest-Truth-About-Dishonesty-Everyone-Especially/dp/0062183613|Book: The honest truth about dishonesty]] * [[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2630898/|Movie: Honesty, the truth about lies]] * Dan Ariely's TED talk: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUdsTizSxSI|Why we think it's OK to cheat and steal (sometimes)]] * [[https://www.youtube.com/user/danariely|Dan Ariely's youtube videos]] ===== Week #3: Judgment and Decision Making ===== - Cognitive illusions - Akiyoshi Kitaoka - [[http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/index-e.html|Website]] - [[https://twitter.com/akiyoshikitaoka?lang=en|Twitter account]] - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lN8vWm3m0|The McGurk Effect]] - Judgment and decision making cognitive biases - Free money experiment - Bias: Escalation of commitment - Cooperation versus self-interest - Heuristics: Availability Heuristic - Heuristics: Representative Heuristic Bias - Bias: The decoy effect - Bias: Ease of Recall Bias - Bias: Retrievability Bias - Bias: Framing effects (Prospect Theory) - Bias: Anchoring effect - Bias: Action effect - Theory: Norm Theory (Kahneman & Miller, 1986) Resources: - Course reading: Book chapter: Judgment and Decision Making - Book: [[https://www.amazon.com/Predictably-Irrational-Revised-Expanded-Decisions/dp/0061353248|Predictably irrational by Dan Ariely]] - Book: [[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/books/review/thinking-fast-and-slow-by-daniel-kahneman-book-review.html|Thinking fast and slow by Daniel Kahneman]] - Book: [[https://www.amazon.com/Judgment-Managerial-Decision-Making-Bazerman/dp/1118065700|Judgment in managerial decision making by Max H. Bazerman]] ===== Week #4: Social cognition and attitudes ===== - Stereotypes and consistency - Riddles experiment - [[http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1475725717752181|Riddle Me This]] (Skorinko, 2018, PLT) - [[http://journal.sjdm.org/17/171117/jdm171117.pdf|The case of stumpers]] (Bar-Hillel etal, 2018, JDM) - Takeaways: - We can study this in the lab using simple (fun) experiments. - We all have these biases. - Implicit association test - Website: [[https://implicit.harvard.edu/|Project implicit]] - Takeaways: - Difference between explicit and implicit jugdments. - There are tools to study either. - They don't always correlate, both not always strongly correlate to behavior. - Country face detection - Website: [[http://alllooksame.com/|Alllooksame]] - Website: [[http://faceresearch.org/|Face research]] - Takeaways: - Stereotypes don't always work and can lead to wrong judgments. - People generally randomly guess country of origin. - On average, the variations in appearance are very subtle, and all judged as attractive. - Lie detection - Takeaways: - There are some behaviors we associate with lying - We are generally very bad at detecting lies - If we are to make evaluations, we need to know the baseline (person) well and rely on objective quantifiable measures. - Bias: Truth bias, we are inclined to believing others and trusting. - Intuitions about life/physics/math - Takeaways: - Are often biased and wrong. Again, we need objective reliable trustworthy sources rather than our intuitions. Resources: - Course reading: Book chapter: Social cognition and attitudes ===== Week #5: Persuasion and manipulation ===== - Influence tactics - The 6 influence tactics by Robert Cialdini - Effects - Contrast Effect - Scarcity Principle - importance of loss aversion and competition - Consensus Principle - importance of similarity - Consistency Principle - importance of active and public commitment - Reciprocity Principle - importance of tailored, significant, and unexpected - Manipulation techniques - Foot-in-the-door [FITD] (Freedman & Fraser, 1966) - Door-in-the-face [DITF] (Cialdini) - Low-balling [LB] (Cialdini) - That’s not all [TNL](Burger, 1986, 1999) - Creating similarity [CS] - Nudging - Defaults (Opt in opt out in organ donations) - Focusing attention (urinals) - Perception and context (plate size) - Social information (tax compliance) - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaLGg1wYztk|Video from Richard Thaler]] Resources: - Course reading: Book chapter: Persuasion - Book: [[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/books/review/thinking-fast-and-slow-by-daniel-kahneman-book-review.html|Thinking fast and slow by Daniel Kahneman]] - Book: [[https://www.amazon.com/Nudge-Improving-Decisions-Health-Happiness/dp/014311526X|Nudge by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein]] ===== Week #6: Cooperation ===== - Economic games - The homo-economicos hypothesis - actors are fully rational - Game theory games to study economics and show deviation from the neo-classic economics hypothesis - Dictator game - Dictator (giving) game (the classic) - Social change 1: Dictator (taking) game - Social change 2: Dictator (giving) game (the classic), but public - Social change 2: Dictator (taking) game, but public - Ultimatum game - Social change: Ultimatum game, but public - Trust game - Prisoner's dilemma - Social change 1: Prisoner's dilemma, but with a judge - Social change 2: Multiple rounds (learning, adjusting) - Demos - [[http://www.mtv.com/news/2218741/psych-professor-trick-extra-credit-question/|Psychology professor who did this in class]] - Example of one analysis, there are many others: [[https://mindyourdecisions.com/blog/2015/07/14/an-awesomely-evil-test-question-and-its-mathematical-answer-game-theory-tuesdays/|An Awesomely Evil Test Question And Its Mathematical Answer – Game Theory Tuesdays]] - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWrjc5IEvc8|Live demonstration in class]] Resources: - Course reading: Book chapter: Cooperation ===== Class #7: Helping / Prosocial behavior ===== - Misalignment between what we expect from society/others and ourselves - Misalignment between causes of deaths (people affected) and funding to address. - Differences in helping between countries - not what you thought - Ruining a 1000US$ suit to help a drowning child versus donating 1000US$ to save a girl from South America - The importance of relatability, statistics versus faces/names/people - Risking your life to help others - The bystander effect (Darley & Latané, 1968) - Hurdles to helping those in crisis - Biases - Identifiability - Compassion fade & psychic numbing (Slovic, 2007; Västfjäll, Slovic, Mayorga, & Peters, 2014); - Scope neglect (Desvousges, Johnson, Dunford, Boyle, Hudson, Wilson, 1992) - Proportion over number (Slovic et al., 2002) - Futility thinking (Fetherstonhaugh, Slovic, Johnson, & Friedrich, 1997) - Videos: - [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpzpItB6rXw|Trump says he would have run unarmed into Florida school]] hku_psyc2020_in-class_experiments.txt Last modified: 2018/03/19 05:02by filination